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孫子兵法三十六計 - 04以逸待勞

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孫子兵法三十六計 - 04以逸待勞

孫子兵法三十六計第四計:以逸待勞

「以逸待勞」這個計策說明當強敵當前,不一定只用直接進攻的方法,而是積極防御,慢慢消耗敵人的有生力量,使敵人由強變弱,再等待時機,一舉消滅敵人。

三國時,吳國殺了關羽,劉備怒不可遏,親自率領七十萬大軍伐吳。蜀軍從長江上游順流進擊,居高臨下,勢如破竹。舉兵東下,連勝十余陣,銳氣正盛,直至彝陵,哮亭一帶,深入吳國腹地五六百裡。

孫權命青年將領陸遜為大都督,率五萬人迎戰。陸遜深諳兵法,正確地分析了形勢,認為劉備銳氣始盛,並且居高臨下,吳軍難以進攻。于是決定實行戰略退卻,以觀其變。吳軍完全撤出山地,這樣,蜀軍在五六百裡的山地一帶難以展開,反而處于被動地位,欲戰不能,兵疲意阻。相持半年,蜀軍斗志松懈。

陸遜看到蜀軍戰線綿延數百裡,首尾難顧,在山林安營扎寨,犯了兵家之忌。時機成熟,陸遜下令全面反攻,打得蜀軍措手不及。陸遜─把火,燒毀蜀軍七百裡連營,蜀軍大亂,傷亡慘重,慌忙撤退。陸遜創造了戰爭史上以少勝多、後發制人的著名戰例。

「軍事以近代遠,以逸代勞」。處理某些事效率愈快愈好,某些事則要沉著冷靜,才不致亂了方寸而一敗塗地。孔明北伐時,司馬懿自知不敵,所以就是用這一招,掛一免戰牌在軍營外,以期蜀軍糧草一斷,就自然退兵。

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2009-12-28T08:46:00+0000


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